Global Supercomputer Innovation: Current Capabilities and Future Potential  

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miTook 뉴스 - 2025.06.12

#supercomputer 
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Supercomputers around the world are leading innovative developments in various fields such as science, engineering, climate modeling, and artificial intelligence. Supercomputers have become essential tools for solving complex problems based on their characteristics such as ultra-fast computing, large-scale data processing, and high memory capacity. The performance of supercomputers is currently evolving at regular intervals, and their capabilities are expanding beyond what we have ever imagined.

As of 2023, the world's most powerful supercomputer is Frontier in the United States. Frontier has the ability to process 1.1 exaflops (10^18 operations) per second, giving it the advantage of solving complex scientific problems within months. This is a figure that significantly surpasses the performance of existing supercomputers, and is expected to bring about great changes in various application fields such as climate change prediction and new drug development.

The development of supercomputers around the world is being promoted by several factors. First, the advancement of semiconductor technology. The latest semiconductor chips are designed to maximize performance, and this is leading to exponentially improved computational speeds. Second, the development of parallel processing technology has enabled multiple processors to operate simultaneously to process large amounts of data quickly. These technologies are becoming an important driving force for increasing the computing power of supercomputers.

In addition, supercomputers are opening up new possibilities through convergence with artificial intelligence (AI). AI algorithms are showing outstanding capabilities in finding patterns in data and making predictions, and by combining them with the high-performance computing power of supercomputers, more sophisticated and faster analysis is possible. For example, AI utilizing supercomputers is leading innovation in various fields such as genetic analysis, disease prediction, and autonomous vehicle development.

However, there is no guarantee that the development of supercomputers will solve all problems. High-performance computer systems are enormously expensive and require specialized personnel and high-level technical skills for operation and maintenance. In addition, large-scale data centers, high-performance network infrastructure, and stable power supply are essential to use these high-performance systems. Therefore, an imbalance between the supply and demand of supercomputers may occur worldwide, which may give a technological advantage to certain countries or companies.

In addition, the environmental impact of the use of supercomputers cannot be overlooked. Large-scale data centers consume a huge amount of electricity, and the resulting carbon emissions are also raising issues. Accordingly, the development of energy-efficient computing technology is required, and the direction of sustainable supercomputer development is also an issue that must be addressed.

In conclusion, the capabilities of supercomputers around the world have made tremendous progress as a result of technological innovation to date. However, this is not simply a matter of performance improvement, but is intertwined with social, economic, and environmental issues. In the future, supercomputers will play an important role in various fields and will be an important key to revealing the future of technological development. Each country needs to continuously invest and cooperate to lead this innovation, and through this, it will be able to contribute to solving various challenges facing humanity.

Supercomputers around the world are leading innovative developments in various fields such as science, engineering, climate modeling, and artificial intelligence. Supercomputers have become essential tools for solving complex problems based on their characteristics such as ultra-fast computing, large-scale data processing, and high memory capacity. The performance of supercomputers is currently evolving at regular intervals, and their capabilities are expanding beyond what we have ever imagined.

As of 2023, the world's most powerful supercomputer is Frontier in the United States. Frontier has the ability to process 1.1 exaflops (10^18 operations) per second, giving it the advantage of solving complex scientific problems within months. This is a figure that significantly surpasses the performance of existing supercomputers, and is expected to bring about great changes in various application fields such as climate change prediction and new drug development.

The development of supercomputers around the world is being promoted by several factors. First, the advancement of semiconductor technology. The latest semiconductor chips are designed to maximize performance, and this is leading to exponentially improved computational speeds. Second, the development of parallel processing technology has enabled multiple processors to operate simultaneously to process large amounts of data quickly. These technologies are becoming an important driving force for increasing the computing power of supercomputers.

In addition, supercomputers are opening up new possibilities through convergence with artificial intelligence (AI). AI algorithms are showing outstanding capabilities in finding patterns in data and making predictions, and by combining them with the high-performance computing power of supercomputers, more sophisticated and faster analysis is possible. For example, AI utilizing supercomputers is leading innovation in various fields such as genetic analysis, disease prediction, and autonomous vehicle development.

However, there is no guarantee that the development of supercomputers will solve all problems. High-performance computer systems are enormously expensive and require specialized personnel and high-level technical skills for operation and maintenance. In addition, large-scale data centers, high-performance network infrastructure, and stable power supply are essential to use these high-performance systems. Therefore, an imbalance between the supply and demand of supercomputers may occur worldwide, which may give a technological advantage to certain countries or companies.

In addition, the environmental impact of the use of supercomputers cannot be overlooked. Large-scale data centers consume a huge amount of electricity, and the resulting carbon emissions are also raising issues. Accordingly, the development of energy-efficient computing technology is required, and the direction of sustainable supercomputer development is also an issue that must be addressed.

In conclusion, the capabilities of supercomputers around the world have made tremendous progress as a result of technological innovation to date. However, this is not simply a matter of performance improvement, but is intertwined with social, economic, and environmental issues. In the future, supercomputers will play an important role in various fields and will be an important key to revealing the future of technological development. Each country needs to continuously invest and cooperate to lead this innovation, and through this, it will be able to contribute to solving various challenges facing humanity.

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Bitcoin Crisis 2025: The Crossroads of Cryptocurrency  

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miTook 뉴스 - 2025.06.12

#bitcoin 
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In 2025, Bitcoin (BTC) was considered the center of the cryptocurrency market, but it was caught in the whirlpool of an unexpected crisis. Bitcoin once set a record high price of over $60,000, causing a frenzy among investors, but this year, its value plummeted due to several major factors, sending shockwaves throughout the market.

The first cause of the crisis was increased regulation. As many countries around the world strengthened regulations on cryptocurrencies, investors became anxious. In particular, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began to consider many cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, as 'securities' and announced legal action accordingly. The resulting uncertainty was a huge burden on Bitcoin exchanges and investors.

Second, hacking incidents and security issues were also major variables. In early 2025, several large cryptocurrency exchanges were hacked, causing billions of dollars worth of Bitcoin to disappear. This incident significantly reduced the credibility of the cryptocurrency market and led to a large-scale exodus of investors. Many people began to question the safety and security of Bitcoin, which had a serious impact on its price.

The third factor was the aftermath of the recession. As inflation worsened and interest rates continued to rise worldwide, many investors began to withdraw funds from risky assets. Cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, were generally classified as risky assets, so they were hit hard by this trend. In particular, as institutional investors turned to relatively stable assets such as preferred stocks and bonds, demand for Bitcoin decreased sharply.

In this situation, many companies that supported Bitcoin went bankrupt or scaled back their operations. As famous cryptocurrency companies went bankrupt, the market became even more unstable, and this continued like a loop, causing more investors to withdraw from the market.

Eventually, Bitcoin faced a serious crisis when it fell to $20,000 in early April 2025. This price was close to the lowest price Bitcoin had experienced a few years ago, and was perceived as a desperate situation by investors. Many cryptocurrency enthusiasts have entered into discussions about whether Bitcoin can overcome this crisis, and the question has been raised: 'Is the era of Bitcoin over?'

However, some have argued that this crisis should be used as an opportunity. Rather, some have presented a hopeful perspective that Bitcoin can build a stronger ecosystem in the midst of this chaos. In particular, the innovation of blockchain technology and the strong will of the community supporting Bitcoin were able to exert positive forces even in times of crisis.

In addition, the Bitcoin crisis in 2025 has sparked various discussions about the future of cryptocurrency. Many experts have emphasized that Bitcoin must enter a new phase of growth through harmonious coexistence with regulations along with technological advancement. Opinions have also emerged that new business models and safe transaction systems are needed to increase the reliability of cryptocurrency.

In conclusion, the Bitcoin crisis in 2025 was not simply a price drop. It was an important crossroads that had a significant impact on the future of the entire cryptocurrency market, and will be an opportunity to determine its future direction. Whether Bitcoin can once again regain trust and grow depends on future responses.

In 2025, Bitcoin (BTC) was considered the center of the cryptocurrency market, but it was caught in the whirlpool of an unexpected crisis. Bitcoin once set a record high price of over $60,000, causing a frenzy among investors, but this year, its value plummeted due to several major factors, sending shockwaves throughout the market.

The first cause of the crisis was increased regulation. As many countries around the world strengthened regulations on cryptocurrencies, investors became anxious. In particular, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began to consider many cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, as 'securities' and announced legal action accordingly. The resulting uncertainty was a huge burden on Bitcoin exchanges and investors.

Second, hacking incidents and security issues were also major variables. In early 2025, several large cryptocurrency exchanges were hacked, causing billions of dollars worth of Bitcoin to disappear. This incident significantly reduced the credibility of the cryptocurrency market and led to a large-scale exodus of investors. Many people began to question the safety and security of Bitcoin, which had a serious impact on its price.

The third factor was the aftermath of the recession. As inflation worsened and interest rates continued to rise worldwide, many investors began to withdraw funds from risky assets. Cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, were generally classified as risky assets, so they were hit hard by this trend. In particular, as institutional investors turned to relatively stable assets such as preferred stocks and bonds, demand for Bitcoin decreased sharply.

In this situation, many companies that supported Bitcoin went bankrupt or scaled back their operations. As famous cryptocurrency companies went bankrupt, the market became even more unstable, and this continued like a loop, causing more investors to withdraw from the market.

Eventually, Bitcoin faced a serious crisis when it fell to $20,000 in early April 2025. This price was close to the lowest price Bitcoin had experienced a few years ago, and was perceived as a desperate situation by investors. Many cryptocurrency enthusiasts have entered into discussions about whether Bitcoin can overcome this crisis, and the question has been raised: 'Is the era of Bitcoin over?'

However, some have argued that this crisis should be used as an opportunity. Rather, some have presented a hopeful perspective that Bitcoin can build a stronger ecosystem in the midst of this chaos. In particular, the innovation of blockchain technology and the strong will of the community supporting Bitcoin were able to exert positive forces even in times of crisis.

In addition, the Bitcoin crisis in 2025 has sparked various discussions about the future of cryptocurrency. Many experts have emphasized that Bitcoin must enter a new phase of growth through harmonious coexistence with regulations along with technological advancement. Opinions have also emerged that new business models and safe transaction systems are needed to increase the reliability of cryptocurrency.

In conclusion, the Bitcoin crisis in 2025 was not simply a price drop. It was an important crossroads that had a significant impact on the future of the entire cryptocurrency market, and will be an opportunity to determine its future direction. Whether Bitcoin can once again regain trust and grow depends on future responses.

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Wöchentliche Höchstarbeitszeit statt 8-Stunden-Tag  

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miTook 뉴스 - 2025.06.12

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In der aktuellen Debatte um die Arbeitszeitgestaltung wird zunehmend die Idee einer wöchentlichen Höchstarbeitszeit anstelle des traditionellen 8-Stunden-Tages diskutiert. Befürworter dieser Reform argumentieren, dass eine wöchentliche Obergrenze von beispielsweise 40 Stunden den Arbeitnehmern mehr Flexibilität bieten würde. Dies könnte dazu beitragen, Beruf und Privatleben besser zu vereinbaren und ein gesünderes Arbeitsumfeld zu schaffen.

Gerade in der digitalen Arbeitswelt, in der viele Menschen von zu Hause oder in flexiblen Arbeitsmodellen arbeiten, könnte die Einführung einer wöchentlichen Höchstarbeitszeit bedeutende Vorteile mit sich bringen. Arbeitnehmer könnten ihre Arbeitsstunden selbst nach ihren Bedürfnissen einteilen, was zu höherer Zufriedenheit und Produktivität führen könnte. In vielen Branchen, insbesondere im Dienstleistungssektor, ist die strikte Einhaltung des 8-Stunden-Tages ohnehin oft schwer umsetzbar.

Kritiker hingegen schlagen vor, dass eine solche Regelung die Gefahr birgt, dass Arbeitnehmer unter Druck gesetzt werden, ihre Arbeit in weniger Zeit zu bewältigen. Zudem könnte es zu einem Ungleichgewicht bei der Verteilung der Arbeitslast kommen, wenn einige Beschäftigte mehr Stunden arbeiten möchten, um ihre Ziele zu erreichen. Ein weiterer Punkt ist die Frage der Abgeltung von Überstunden: Es müsste geklärt werden, wie diese im Rahmen eines flexibleren Modells geregelt werden können.

In verschiedenen Ländern wurden bereits positive Erfahrungen mit flexiblen Arbeitszeitmodellen gemacht. Die Schaffung klarer Richtlinien und Modelle könnte sicherstellen, dass die Rechte der Arbeitnehmer gewahrt bleiben. Ein stärkerer Fokus auf Output anstatt auf Präsenzzeit könnte nicht nur die Produktivität steigern, sondern auch langfristig zur Reduzierung von Stress und Burnout beitragen.

Die Diskussion um die Höchstarbeitszeit zeigt deutlich, dass sich die Arbeitswelt im Wandel befindet. Es bleibt abzuwarten, wie sich die Gesetzgeber positionieren und ob innovative Konzepte in der Praxis umgesetzt werden können, um die Arbeitsbedingungen für alle zu verbessern.

In der aktuellen Debatte um die Arbeitszeitgestaltung wird zunehmend die Idee einer wöchentlichen Höchstarbeitszeit anstelle des traditionellen 8-Stunden-Tages diskutiert. Befürworter dieser Reform argumentieren, dass eine wöchentliche Obergrenze von beispielsweise 40 Stunden den Arbeitnehmern mehr Flexibilität bieten würde. Dies könnte dazu beitragen, Beruf und Privatleben besser zu vereinbaren und ein gesünderes Arbeitsumfeld zu schaffen.

Gerade in der digitalen Arbeitswelt, in der viele Menschen von zu Hause oder in flexiblen Arbeitsmodellen arbeiten, könnte die Einführung einer wöchentlichen Höchstarbeitszeit bedeutende Vorteile mit sich bringen. Arbeitnehmer könnten ihre Arbeitsstunden selbst nach ihren Bedürfnissen einteilen, was zu höherer Zufriedenheit und Produktivität führen könnte. In vielen Branchen, insbesondere im Dienstleistungssektor, ist die strikte Einhaltung des 8-Stunden-Tages ohnehin oft schwer umsetzbar.

Kritiker hingegen schlagen vor, dass eine solche Regelung die Gefahr birgt, dass Arbeitnehmer unter Druck gesetzt werden, ihre Arbeit in weniger Zeit zu bewältigen. Zudem könnte es zu einem Ungleichgewicht bei der Verteilung der Arbeitslast kommen, wenn einige Beschäftigte mehr Stunden arbeiten möchten, um ihre Ziele zu erreichen. Ein weiterer Punkt ist die Frage der Abgeltung von Überstunden: Es müsste geklärt werden, wie diese im Rahmen eines flexibleren Modells geregelt werden können.

In verschiedenen Ländern wurden bereits positive Erfahrungen mit flexiblen Arbeitszeitmodellen gemacht. Die Schaffung klarer Richtlinien und Modelle könnte sicherstellen, dass die Rechte der Arbeitnehmer gewahrt bleiben. Ein stärkerer Fokus auf Output anstatt auf Präsenzzeit könnte nicht nur die Produktivität steigern, sondern auch langfristig zur Reduzierung von Stress und Burnout beitragen.

Die Diskussion um die Höchstarbeitszeit zeigt deutlich, dass sich die Arbeitswelt im Wandel befindet. Es bleibt abzuwarten, wie sich die Gesetzgeber positionieren und ob innovative Konzepte in der Praxis umgesetzt werden können, um die Arbeitsbedingungen für alle zu verbessern.

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OECD empfiehlt Abschaffung von Ehegattensplitting  

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miTook 뉴스 - 2025.06.12

#OECD  #Abschaffung 
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Die Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD) hat in einem neuen Bericht empfohlen, das Ehegattensplitting in Deutschland abzuschaffen. Dieses Steuerprivileg ermöglicht es verheirateten Paaren, ihr Einkommen gemeinsam zu versteuern, wodurch sie oft steuerliche Vorteile genießen können. Experten der OECD argumentieren jedoch, dass dieses System nicht mehr zeitgemäß sei und die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter behindern könnte.

Laut dem Bericht führt das Ehegattensplitting dazu, dass alleinerziehende Eltern und unverheiratete Paare benachteiligt werden. In vielen Fällen führt die Steuervergünstigung dazu, dass ein Partner, häufig die Frau, weniger Anreize hat, eine Erwerbstätigkeit aufzunehmen oder beruflich aufzusteigen. Dies könne langfristig zu finanzieller Abhängigkeit und einer geringeren wirtschaftlichen Unabhängigkeit von Frauen führen.

Die OECD fordert die deutsche Regierung auf, alternative Steuermechanismen zu prüfen, die gerechtere und flexiblere Lösungen bieten. Ein System, das auf dem individuellen Einkommen basiert, könnte die finanzielle Unabhängigkeit fördern und Anreize für beide Partner schaffen, aktiv am Arbeitsmarkt teilzunehmen. 

Der Vorschlag stieß sowohl auf zustimmendes als auch auf ablehnendes Echo in der politischen Landschaft. Befürworter der Abschaffung argumentieren, dass dies ein wichtiger Schritt zur Förderung der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter sei. Kritiker hingegen warnen, dass eine sofortige Abschaffung des Ehegattensplittings zu einem Anstieg der Steuerlast für viele Paare führen könnte. 

In den letzten Jahren hat die Diskussion über das Ehegattensplitting an Intensität gewonnen, insbesondere im Kontext der gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen, die durch die Covid-19-Pandemie und die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen für Familien entstanden sind. Die OECD empfiehlt, den Dialog über Steuerreformen aktiv zu gestalten und verschiedene Modelle zu erörtern, um den Bedürfnissen der modernen Gesellschaft gerecht zu werden. 

Die deutsche Regierung steht nun vor der Herausforderung, eine ausgewogene Lösung zu finden, die sowohl die finanziellen Belastungen der Familien berücksichtigt als auch gendergerechte Aspekte in den Mittelpunkt rückt. Ob und wann das Ehegattensplitting abgeschafft wird, bleibt abzuwarten.

 

Die Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD) hat in einem neuen Bericht empfohlen, das Ehegattensplitting in Deutschland abzuschaffen. Dieses Steuerprivileg ermöglicht es verheirateten Paaren, ihr Einkommen gemeinsam zu versteuern, wodurch sie oft steuerliche Vorteile genießen können. Experten der OECD argumentieren jedoch, dass dieses System nicht mehr zeitgemäß sei und die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter behindern könnte.

Laut dem Bericht führt das Ehegattensplitting dazu, dass alleinerziehende Eltern und unverheiratete Paare benachteiligt werden. In vielen Fällen führt die Steuervergünstigung dazu, dass ein Partner, häufig die Frau, weniger Anreize hat, eine Erwerbstätigkeit aufzunehmen oder beruflich aufzusteigen. Dies könne langfristig zu finanzieller Abhängigkeit und einer geringeren wirtschaftlichen Unabhängigkeit von Frauen führen.

Die OECD fordert die deutsche Regierung auf, alternative Steuermechanismen zu prüfen, die gerechtere und flexiblere Lösungen bieten. Ein System, das auf dem individuellen Einkommen basiert, könnte die finanzielle Unabhängigkeit fördern und Anreize für beide Partner schaffen, aktiv am Arbeitsmarkt teilzunehmen. 

Der Vorschlag stieß sowohl auf zustimmendes als auch auf ablehnendes Echo in der politischen Landschaft. Befürworter der Abschaffung argumentieren, dass dies ein wichtiger Schritt zur Förderung der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter sei. Kritiker hingegen warnen, dass eine sofortige Abschaffung des Ehegattensplittings zu einem Anstieg der Steuerlast für viele Paare führen könnte. 

In den letzten Jahren hat die Diskussion über das Ehegattensplitting an Intensität gewonnen, insbesondere im Kontext der gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen, die durch die Covid-19-Pandemie und die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen für Familien entstanden sind. Die OECD empfiehlt, den Dialog über Steuerreformen aktiv zu gestalten und verschiedene Modelle zu erörtern, um den Bedürfnissen der modernen Gesellschaft gerecht zu werden. 

Die deutsche Regierung steht nun vor der Herausforderung, eine ausgewogene Lösung zu finden, die sowohl die finanziellen Belastungen der Familien berücksichtigt als auch gendergerechte Aspekte in den Mittelpunkt rückt. Ob und wann das Ehegattensplitting abgeschafft wird, bleibt abzuwarten.

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오프화이트 x 나이키 에어맥스90 v2 블랙리뷰 / Off-white x Nike Airmax90 v2 black  

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나이키 에어맥스 - 2019.03.19

#나이키  #nike  #나이키오프화이트  #오프화이트맥스90 
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​Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 review: A versatile productivity booster that falls just short  

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Samsung Galaxy Tab s4 | 갤럭시 탭 s4 - 2018.09.19

#galaxy tab s4  #samsung 
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Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 is a multifaceted device designed to meet any productivity need and delivers a lot, yet it falls just short of reestablishing the tablet as an essential consumer product level with smartphones or notebooks.

 

It took a while for tablets to settle on the 10.5-inch screen size. What companies haven't settled on when it comes to tablets is what they can do that smartphones and notebooks can't. Samsung's answer by way of the Galaxy Tab S4 seems to be that it is more versatile, and therefore, an on-the-go productivity booster more than anything else. After a month of use, I found charm in the Tab S4 -- mainly due to its attachable keyboard and the lush 10.5-inch AMOLED screen that brings out the best for multi-window tasks -- but it fell just short of becoming a must-have.

Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 is the company's latest 2-in-1 premium tablet.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

1. Battery

The best part about the Tab S4 is really its battery. At 7,300mAh compared to the Tab S3's 6,000mAh, Samsung delivers the numbers. Both casual use and word-processing-heavy tasks can be done easily throughout the day without having to worry about charging.

As a portable device, I feel this is the best quality, as it allows professionals to focus on their task at hand and start charging once they return home or back to the office. It brings a nice rhythm to daily routines -- important for continuous productivity for workers. I took the Tab S4 with me for couple of business trips that included staying two to three days in hotels and I only had to charge once I returned to the room at night after my long day.

That's not to say it's perfect. Watching YouTube or using the split screen option on tablet mode and opening multiple windows on Samsung DeX mode brought about a noticeably faster battery drain. I would say on-the-go use that's focused on power points or words could handle seven to nine hours easily; once the graphics card starts pitching in work, this falls down to five to six hours fast. Still, with quick charging to boot, it is a considerable improvement compared to its predecessors and on par with or better than the top smartphones out there.

2. Keyboard

The attachable keyboard has some die-hard haters, but the Tab S4's Book Cover Keyboard, sold separately, really brings out the best in the tablet. Long-time tablet users who are more used to the on-screen keyboard set-up may disagree, but newcomers may find the keyboard refreshing.

With the Tab S4, you are basically learning a brand new keyboard layout -- the main reason attachable keyboards have strong detractors -- and initially I was forced to take my eyes away from the screen to look for keys that are't included. But a week or two in, it wasn't as big a bother as I thought it would be. Plus, the keys' tapping sound and their right amount of resistance made me feel like I was doing some real work.

There wasn't an instance when I wanted to resort to the on-screen keyboard, and I returned to the physical keyboard for both play and work no matter where I was. My hands played mouse; the best part was using them with the keyboard when it came to internet searches and split-screen tasks. Plus, for Samsung Dex, the keyboard is a must, but more on that later.

The big downside is that the keyboard is sold separately. Having Samsung DeX, among other things, makes the keyboard an essential tool to tap into the full potential of the Tab S4 and selling it separately at a $149.99 price tag (the Tab S4 itself costs $649.99) feels expensive.

The keyboard-plus-tablet set-up still falls short against other notebooks, and although it is more portable, there is room for improvement. If Samsung wants its tablets established as professional tools, I feel the keyboard should be given for free to foster more fans. Or, if they are demanding that price tag, it should somehow be upgraded to have keys and the overall experience closer to its desktop counterpart.

Split screen used in combination with the keyboard really brings out the full productivity of the Galaxy Tab S4.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

3. 10.5-inch AMOLED screen

Samsung is known for its top-of-the-line hardware in its flagships, especially in displays, and the Tab S4's 10.5-inch AMOLED screen is gorgeous. The bezel is narrower compared to its predecessor and the black model I used, coupled with the beautiful screen, really made the tablet seem like a premium device. The contrast ratio is great and bright colours and the real black all stand out without feeling saturated. The cinema mode makes images even more natural for media consumption, though I rarely used it.

The aspect ratio is 16:10, wider than Tab S3's 4:3, and this is better for watching media content. Is this an enormous plus? Not really, since almost every other device, including smartphones, notebooks, and monitors, are going down that route, so it is expected.

Also: Samsung Galaxy Note 9 review: Big battery and superb S Pen experience

But that wider birth really shines when using multi-window or split screen. The Tab S4 basically incorporates most of the multitask features on the Galaxy Note series and it shines here. The split screen used in combo with the keyboard is when this tablet really deserves the moniker of "productivity booster". And the 10.5-inch really offered enough space for each split screen to lessen the need for scrolling. While I rarely use the split screen on my Galaxy Note 8 because I feel there isn't enough space for two screens, with the Tab S4 it's like having two smartphones side by side. For some tasks I would say it could beat the speed of a desktop.

4. S-Pen

Samsung seems to have intentionally sought out a Montblanc-like design for the Tab S4's S-Pen, which is more rounded and thicker compared to those in the Galaxy Book and Galaxy Note 8 and 9. I am sure this is an intentional design choice to match the productivity theme of the Tab S4 for a more professional or business-oriented look, but it doesn't feel that way once you start using it. It's light, doesn't have heft, and the overall colour comes off as more plastic than premium.

Also: Galaxy Note 9 ongoing review: The good and bad so far CNET

The stylus is very functional and does everything that its cousins can do in other Samsung devices; users can take notes, draw, and use it for search and translate like in the Note series. However, being a Galaxy Note 8 user, I found the sensitivity for Tab S4's pen slightly lacking in comparison. It could be that the ball point is thicker, but I found highlighting and dragging to be more laborious than on the Note, and less accurate. But it does its job. And it's hard to complain too much, since it's included.

It also has a dedicated socket on the left side and the S-Pen doesn't require charging -- a better choice than some of its competitors; Microsoft's Surface Go Pen uses a disposable battery, for example.

Open dozens of windows with Samsung DeX.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

5. Samsung DeX

I had high expectations for Samsung DeX on the Tab S4, and after using DeX mode, I am convinced that the desktop-style is more suited to the tablet than the smartphone. The biggest upside is now you can open multiple windows, and the Tab S4 handles them easily, despite having a Snapdragon 835 instead of the newer 845 that's on the Galaxy S9 and Galaxy Note 9.

I have a habit of just opening new windows endlessly instead of, perhaps more wisely, using a tab on the same window. With the Tab S4, there weren't any noticeable slowdowns after opening over 10 windows. The ability to just do this on a tablet was refreshing in its own way.

Also: Samsung and the Galaxy Note 9's quest for 'meaningful innovation'

That being said, there really isn't much to do on the mode besides surfing the internet since there aren't enough Android-optimised apps; I found myself doing the same things I do in tablet mode. I feel the next iteration should offer users more to do here if this tablet wants to be level with Windows or iOS.

6. No home button, and that's OK I guess

Samsung has rid the home button to match the aesthetics of its recent smartphones. It definitely helps the look of the front of the tablet. However, this has also meant getting rid of the fingerprint sensor, therefore forcing users to use the iris scanner (they can add Intelligence Scan, which scans both eyes and facial features). The company's logic seems to be that the iris scanner is more intuitive, and while it works fine, I feel both options should have been offered on a premium device such as this for more user choice.

The scanner is located near top of the tablet where the 8MP front camera is, and I had to lean sideways to unlock it. What would have been pretty awesome is if I had left my seat and it had the ability to scan me and unlock right away upon my return. If the fingerprint scanner isn't coming back, I would like the facial scanner upgraded so it can read eyes and faces from the side.

Samsung offers a variety of choices to use the Galaxy Tab S4: S-Pen stylus, the keyboard, and your hands.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

7. Harman AKG quad speaker

The Tab S4 has a quad audio system that is AKG tuned, which is new to Samsung's tablet line. It also has Dolby ATMOS to help out when you want to watch a movie or two. It's richer than what came before and than what's offered on the company's smartphones, but not as cinematic as I hoped it would be.

Samsung really hasn't gotten audio down, and I think it mostly comes down to hardware design. Hopefully for the next iteration the company can tune the speakers to offer more booming sounds.

8. Mostly work, with a little play

There are other miscellaneous features packed in, like the 13MP back and 8MP front camera. The microSD slot is welcomed and the tablet comes in 64GB and 256GB internal storage. The Galaxy Note 9 comes in a 512GB model so the same premium speed would have been welcomed on the Tab S4, but it seems the company decided against it, either due to cost issues or to avoid stealing the thunder from the Note 9. But more internal storage would have gone well with Samsung DeX; desktop features are there to handle the heavy-duty work that eats more memory.

Having the Qualcomm 835, which launched last year, and 4GB RAM, I feel can handle any productivity or multimedia task. After all, mobile device specs are currently overkill. The Daily Board feature where the tablet acts as a calendar and clock when docked on the charging pad isn't bad, but because my alarm is set on the smartphone it's never really the first screen I look for.

Now a minor problem I have with the Tab S4 is that it's really all about work, not play. As with the Galaxy Note series, Samsung is promoting the productivity aspect of this tablet, and it definitely delivers a lot in that regard. In essence, play usually refers to multimedia consumption or gaming, but the Tab S4 doesn't seem to boast any advantage in that sense. Yes, the 10.5-inch AMOLED display is gorgeous, but so are other Samsung premium products and high-end monitors that most consumers may already own.

Perhaps Samsung can add a dedicated button (since the Tab S4 doesn't have a Bixby button) that switches back and forth between work and play, as well as a more simple, intuitive interface for the "Play Mode", such as having a game launcher, or even another version that would otherwise make jumping into play mode a bit easier.

The Galaxy Tab S4 can double as a daily board when docked for charging. Because, why not?

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

9. Conclusion: A worthy go-to device that's pricey

The Galaxy Tab S4 tries hard to be a must-have device for the modern day enterprise user, and while it succeeds in many areas, it fails in others. I am sold on the advantages that tablets can bring over smartphones and notebooks when it comes to portability and productivity. There is a role to play for a 10.5-inch screen on a tablet that can't be achieved by that on a six-inch smartphone or 13-inch notebook. I love the Tab S4's adaptability and versatility offered by its wide screen and accessories such as the keyboard and stylus that can be used in combination. But the goal post here is Apple's iPad Pro, and Samsung simply succeeds in offering an equivalent Android product that will be welcomed by Android users.

That being said, the biggest obstacle is price. It costs $649.99. In South Korea, the tablet is offered with 6GB RAM and costs 792,000 won with 64GB internal storage. With added accessories such as the keyboard or possibly an HDMI cable to link Samsung DeX with a monitor, that price climbs higher than a premium smartphone.

If Samsung is aiming to consolidate hardcore fans, it might succeed, but for it to become a mass device, either $100 should be cut from the price tag or the company should add more premium features to later iterations, such as more play content or free accessories.

Sales of the Tab S4 begin in South Korea on Wednesday, August 29.

 

PREVIOUS AND RELATED COVERAGE

Samsung marries new Galaxy Tab S4 with DeX for productivity boost

Samsung Electronics has unveiled its flagship Android tablet, the Galaxy Tab S4, with Samsung DeX connectivity for the first time on a tablet, giving consumers multi-screen options and a powered-up S Pen to cater to the enterprise and professionals.

Samsung to launch S Pen SDK in September, eyes third party apps for remote control

The move to make S Pen more useful to enterprise apps could extend the Note 9's reach into business more.

Nine reasons the Samsung Galaxy Note 9 is best for business

The Note series has always had an enterprise focus and this year's Note 9 is no exception to that strategy. Improvements have been made to make it the best smartphone for getting work done.

Galaxy Home: Can Samsung make up for lost time in the smart speaker space?

Samsung's smart speaker will have six speakers, eight microphones, a subwoofer, sound by AKG, and comes on the back of a partnership with streaming giant Spotify. But will it be enough?

Samsung launches DeX dongle: Here's how it stacks up to the original (TechRepublic)

Business users can look forward to the portability of Samsung's DeX dongle.

Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 is a multifaceted device designed to meet any productivity need and delivers a lot, yet it falls just short of reestablishing the tablet as an essential consumer product level with smartphones or notebooks.

 

It took a while for tablets to settle on the 10.5-inch screen size. What companies haven't settled on when it comes to tablets is what they can do that smartphones and notebooks can't. Samsung's answer by way of the Galaxy Tab S4 seems to be that it is more versatile, and therefore, an on-the-go productivity booster more than anything else. After a month of use, I found charm in the Tab S4 -- mainly due to its attachable keyboard and the lush 10.5-inch AMOLED screen that brings out the best for multi-window tasks -- but it fell just short of becoming a must-have.

Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 is the company's latest 2-in-1 premium tablet.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

1. Battery

The best part about the Tab S4 is really its battery. At 7,300mAh compared to the Tab S3's 6,000mAh, Samsung delivers the numbers. Both casual use and word-processing-heavy tasks can be done easily throughout the day without having to worry about charging.

As a portable device, I feel this is the best quality, as it allows professionals to focus on their task at hand and start charging once they return home or back to the office. It brings a nice rhythm to daily routines -- important for continuous productivity for workers. I took the Tab S4 with me for couple of business trips that included staying two to three days in hotels and I only had to charge once I returned to the room at night after my long day.

That's not to say it's perfect. Watching YouTube or using the split screen option on tablet mode and opening multiple windows on Samsung DeX mode brought about a noticeably faster battery drain. I would say on-the-go use that's focused on power points or words could handle seven to nine hours easily; once the graphics card starts pitching in work, this falls down to five to six hours fast. Still, with quick charging to boot, it is a considerable improvement compared to its predecessors and on par with or better than the top smartphones out there.

2. Keyboard

The attachable keyboard has some die-hard haters, but the Tab S4's Book Cover Keyboard, sold separately, really brings out the best in the tablet. Long-time tablet users who are more used to the on-screen keyboard set-up may disagree, but newcomers may find the keyboard refreshing.

With the Tab S4, you are basically learning a brand new keyboard layout -- the main reason attachable keyboards have strong detractors -- and initially I was forced to take my eyes away from the screen to look for keys that are't included. But a week or two in, it wasn't as big a bother as I thought it would be. Plus, the keys' tapping sound and their right amount of resistance made me feel like I was doing some real work.

There wasn't an instance when I wanted to resort to the on-screen keyboard, and I returned to the physical keyboard for both play and work no matter where I was. My hands played mouse; the best part was using them with the keyboard when it came to internet searches and split-screen tasks. Plus, for Samsung Dex, the keyboard is a must, but more on that later.

The big downside is that the keyboard is sold separately. Having Samsung DeX, among other things, makes the keyboard an essential tool to tap into the full potential of the Tab S4 and selling it separately at a $149.99 price tag (the Tab S4 itself costs $649.99) feels expensive.

The keyboard-plus-tablet set-up still falls short against other notebooks, and although it is more portable, there is room for improvement. If Samsung wants its tablets established as professional tools, I feel the keyboard should be given for free to foster more fans. Or, if they are demanding that price tag, it should somehow be upgraded to have keys and the overall experience closer to its desktop counterpart.

Split screen used in combination with the keyboard really brings out the full productivity of the Galaxy Tab S4.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

3. 10.5-inch AMOLED screen

Samsung is known for its top-of-the-line hardware in its flagships, especially in displays, and the Tab S4's 10.5-inch AMOLED screen is gorgeous. The bezel is narrower compared to its predecessor and the black model I used, coupled with the beautiful screen, really made the tablet seem like a premium device. The contrast ratio is great and bright colours and the real black all stand out without feeling saturated. The cinema mode makes images even more natural for media consumption, though I rarely used it.

The aspect ratio is 16:10, wider than Tab S3's 4:3, and this is better for watching media content. Is this an enormous plus? Not really, since almost every other device, including smartphones, notebooks, and monitors, are going down that route, so it is expected.

Also: Samsung Galaxy Note 9 review: Big battery and superb S Pen experience

But that wider birth really shines when using multi-window or split screen. The Tab S4 basically incorporates most of the multitask features on the Galaxy Note series and it shines here. The split screen used in combo with the keyboard is when this tablet really deserves the moniker of "productivity booster". And the 10.5-inch really offered enough space for each split screen to lessen the need for scrolling. While I rarely use the split screen on my Galaxy Note 8 because I feel there isn't enough space for two screens, with the Tab S4 it's like having two smartphones side by side. For some tasks I would say it could beat the speed of a desktop.

4. S-Pen

Samsung seems to have intentionally sought out a Montblanc-like design for the Tab S4's S-Pen, which is more rounded and thicker compared to those in the Galaxy Book and Galaxy Note 8 and 9. I am sure this is an intentional design choice to match the productivity theme of the Tab S4 for a more professional or business-oriented look, but it doesn't feel that way once you start using it. It's light, doesn't have heft, and the overall colour comes off as more plastic than premium.

Also: Galaxy Note 9 ongoing review: The good and bad so far CNET

The stylus is very functional and does everything that its cousins can do in other Samsung devices; users can take notes, draw, and use it for search and translate like in the Note series. However, being a Galaxy Note 8 user, I found the sensitivity for Tab S4's pen slightly lacking in comparison. It could be that the ball point is thicker, but I found highlighting and dragging to be more laborious than on the Note, and less accurate. But it does its job. And it's hard to complain too much, since it's included.

It also has a dedicated socket on the left side and the S-Pen doesn't require charging -- a better choice than some of its competitors; Microsoft's Surface Go Pen uses a disposable battery, for example.

Open dozens of windows with Samsung DeX.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

5. Samsung DeX

I had high expectations for Samsung DeX on the Tab S4, and after using DeX mode, I am convinced that the desktop-style is more suited to the tablet than the smartphone. The biggest upside is now you can open multiple windows, and the Tab S4 handles them easily, despite having a Snapdragon 835 instead of the newer 845 that's on the Galaxy S9 and Galaxy Note 9.

I have a habit of just opening new windows endlessly instead of, perhaps more wisely, using a tab on the same window. With the Tab S4, there weren't any noticeable slowdowns after opening over 10 windows. The ability to just do this on a tablet was refreshing in its own way.

Also: Samsung and the Galaxy Note 9's quest for 'meaningful innovation'

That being said, there really isn't much to do on the mode besides surfing the internet since there aren't enough Android-optimised apps; I found myself doing the same things I do in tablet mode. I feel the next iteration should offer users more to do here if this tablet wants to be level with Windows or iOS.

6. No home button, and that's OK I guess

Samsung has rid the home button to match the aesthetics of its recent smartphones. It definitely helps the look of the front of the tablet. However, this has also meant getting rid of the fingerprint sensor, therefore forcing users to use the iris scanner (they can add Intelligence Scan, which scans both eyes and facial features). The company's logic seems to be that the iris scanner is more intuitive, and while it works fine, I feel both options should have been offered on a premium device such as this for more user choice.

The scanner is located near top of the tablet where the 8MP front camera is, and I had to lean sideways to unlock it. What would have been pretty awesome is if I had left my seat and it had the ability to scan me and unlock right away upon my return. If the fingerprint scanner isn't coming back, I would like the facial scanner upgraded so it can read eyes and faces from the side.

Samsung offers a variety of choices to use the Galaxy Tab S4: S-Pen stylus, the keyboard, and your hands.

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

7. Harman AKG quad speaker

The Tab S4 has a quad audio system that is AKG tuned, which is new to Samsung's tablet line. It also has Dolby ATMOS to help out when you want to watch a movie or two. It's richer than what came before and than what's offered on the company's smartphones, but not as cinematic as I hoped it would be.

Samsung really hasn't gotten audio down, and I think it mostly comes down to hardware design. Hopefully for the next iteration the company can tune the speakers to offer more booming sounds.

8. Mostly work, with a little play

There are other miscellaneous features packed in, like the 13MP back and 8MP front camera. The microSD slot is welcomed and the tablet comes in 64GB and 256GB internal storage. The Galaxy Note 9 comes in a 512GB model so the same premium speed would have been welcomed on the Tab S4, but it seems the company decided against it, either due to cost issues or to avoid stealing the thunder from the Note 9. But more internal storage would have gone well with Samsung DeX; desktop features are there to handle the heavy-duty work that eats more memory.

Having the Qualcomm 835, which launched last year, and 4GB RAM, I feel can handle any productivity or multimedia task. After all, mobile device specs are currently overkill. The Daily Board feature where the tablet acts as a calendar and clock when docked on the charging pad isn't bad, but because my alarm is set on the smartphone it's never really the first screen I look for.

Now a minor problem I have with the Tab S4 is that it's really all about work, not play. As with the Galaxy Note series, Samsung is promoting the productivity aspect of this tablet, and it definitely delivers a lot in that regard. In essence, play usually refers to multimedia consumption or gaming, but the Tab S4 doesn't seem to boast any advantage in that sense. Yes, the 10.5-inch AMOLED display is gorgeous, but so are other Samsung premium products and high-end monitors that most consumers may already own.

Perhaps Samsung can add a dedicated button (since the Tab S4 doesn't have a Bixby button) that switches back and forth between work and play, as well as a more simple, intuitive interface for the "Play Mode", such as having a game launcher, or even another version that would otherwise make jumping into play mode a bit easier.

The Galaxy Tab S4 can double as a daily board when docked for charging. Because, why not?

Image: Cho Mu-Hyun

9. Conclusion: A worthy go-to device that's pricey

The Galaxy Tab S4 tries hard to be a must-have device for the modern day enterprise user, and while it succeeds in many areas, it fails in others. I am sold on the advantages that tablets can bring over smartphones and notebooks when it comes to portability and productivity. There is a role to play for a 10.5-inch screen on a tablet that can't be achieved by that on a six-inch smartphone or 13-inch notebook. I love the Tab S4's adaptability and versatility offered by its wide screen and accessories such as the keyboard and stylus that can be used in combination. But the goal post here is Apple's iPad Pro, and Samsung simply succeeds in offering an equivalent Android product that will be welcomed by Android users.

That being said, the biggest obstacle is price. It costs $649.99. In South Korea, the tablet is offered with 6GB RAM and costs 792,000 won with 64GB internal storage. With added accessories such as the keyboard or possibly an HDMI cable to link Samsung DeX with a monitor, that price climbs higher than a premium smartphone.

If Samsung is aiming to consolidate hardcore fans, it might succeed, but for it to become a mass device, either $100 should be cut from the price tag or the company should add more premium features to later iterations, such as more play content or free accessories.

Sales of the Tab S4 begin in South Korea on Wednesday, August 29.

 

PREVIOUS AND RELATED COVERAGE

Samsung marries new Galaxy Tab S4 with DeX for productivity boost

Samsung Electronics has unveiled its flagship Android tablet, the Galaxy Tab S4, with Samsung DeX connectivity for the first time on a tablet, giving consumers multi-screen options and a powered-up S Pen to cater to the enterprise and professionals.

Samsung to launch S Pen SDK in September, eyes third party apps for remote control

The move to make S Pen more useful to enterprise apps could extend the Note 9's reach into business more.

Nine reasons the Samsung Galaxy Note 9 is best for business

The Note series has always had an enterprise focus and this year's Note 9 is no exception to that strategy. Improvements have been made to make it the best smartphone for getting work done.

Galaxy Home: Can Samsung make up for lost time in the smart speaker space?

Samsung's smart speaker will have six speakers, eight microphones, a subwoofer, sound by AKG, and comes on the back of a partnership with streaming giant Spotify. But will it be enough?

Samsung launches DeX dongle: Here's how it stacks up to the original (TechRepublic)

Business users can look forward to the portability of Samsung's DeX dongle.

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2018 프랑스 대학 순위 - 2018 French University Ranking  

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2018 대학 순위 - 2018.09.12

#2018 프랑스 대학 순위  #2018 French University Ranking 
2018 대학 순위
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#Rank	University	Town
1	Université de Strasbourg	Strasbourg
2	Université de Lorraine	Nancy
3	Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis	Nice
4	Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1	Villeurbanne
5	Université de Bordeaux	Bordeaux ...
6	Université Grenoble Alpes	Saint Martin d'Hères
7	Université de Caen Normandie	Caen
8	Université Lille	Lille
9	Aix-Marseille Université	Marseille
10	Université Paris Sud - Paris 11	Orsay ...
11	Sorbonne Université	Paris ...
12	École Normale Supérieure de Lyon	Lyon
13	Université Paris Descartes	Paris
14	École Normale Supérieure	Paris
15	École Centrale de Lyon	Ecully
16	Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense	Nanterre
17	Université de Nantes	Nantes ...
18	Université de Montpellier	Montpellier
19	Université Lumière Lyon 2	Lyon
20	Université Clermont Auvergne	Clermont-Ferrand ...
21	Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis	St-Denis ...
22	Université de Rennes 1	Rennes ...
23	Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris	Paris ...
24	Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne	Paris
25	Université de Poitiers	Poitiers
26	Université de Bourgogne	Dijon
27	École Polytechnique	Palaiseau
28	Université Paris Diderot	Paris
29	Université François Rabelais	Tours
30	Université Paris Dauphine	Paris
31	MINES ParisTech	Paris
32	Université de Franche-Comté	Besançon
33	Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble	Grenoble ...
34	Université Paris 13	Villetaneuse
35	Université d'Angers	Angers
36	Université de Rouen Normandie	Mont-Saint-Aignan
37	Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier	Toulouse
38	Université de Technologie de Compiègne	Compiègne
39	Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3	Paris
40	Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès	Toulouse
41	Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée	Marne-la-Vallée
42	École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales	Paris
43	Université de Limoges	Limoges
44	Université du Maine	Le Mans
45	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon	Lyon
46	Université de Picardie Jules Verne	Amiens
47	Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour	Pau ...
48	Université Rennes 2	Rennes
49	Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3	Montpellier
50	Université d'Orléans	Orléans
51	CentraleSupélec	Châtenay-Malabry
52	Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne	Créteil
53	Université de Bretagne Occidentale	Brest
54	HEC Paris	Jouy-en-Josas
55	Université de Haute-Alsace	Mulhouse ...
56	Université Savoie Mont Blanc	Chambéry ...
57	Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines	Versailles
58	Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3	Lyon
59	Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne	Saint-Étienne ...
60	Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne	Reims
61	Université de Cergy-Pontoise	Cergy-Pontoise
62	École Supérieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales	Cergy-Pontoise
63	Université Panthéon-Assas Paris II	Paris
64	IMT Atlantique	Brest ...
65	École des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique	Rennes
66	TELECOM ParisTech	Paris ...
67	Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis	Valenciennes ...
68	Université de Perpignan Via Domitia	Perpignan
69	ESCP Europe	Paris ...
70	École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay	Cachan
71	Université Bordeaux Montaigne	Pessac ...
72	Université d'Avignon et des pays de Vaucluse	Avignon
73	École des Ponts ParisTech	Champs sur Marne ...
74	Université de Toulon	La Garde ...
75	Université Toulouse 1 Capitole	Toulouse
76	École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de l'Information et des Bibliothèques	Villeurbanne
77	EDHEC Business School	Roubaix ...
78	Université d'Évry-Val d'Essonne	Evry
79	École Centrale de Nantes	Nantes
80	EMLYON Business School	Lyon
81	Université d'Artois	Arras ...
82	Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale	Dunkerque ...
83	Université de Bretagne Sud	Lorient ...
84	Grenoble École de Management	Grenoble ...
85	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse	Toulouse
86	TELECOM and Management SudParis	Evry
87	École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile	Toulouse
88	Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard	Belfort ...
89	AgroParisTech	Paris ...
90	Université de la Rochelle	La Rochelle
91	The American University of Paris	Paris
92	École pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées	Le Kremlin-Bicêtre ...
93	ESIEE Paris	Noisy-le-Grand
94	Université du Havre	Le Havre
95	ENSTA ParisTech	Paris
96	École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St-Etienne	Saint-Étienne
97	Université de Technologie de Troyes	Troyes
98	ECE Paris École d'Ingénieurs	Paris
99	Centrale Lille	Lille
100	ESPCI ParisTech	Paris
101	Eurecom	Biot Sophia Antipolis
102	École Nationale d'Administration	Strasbourg
103	Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse	Toulouse
104	Kedge Business School	Bordeaux ...
105	SKEMA Business School	Lille ...
106	NEOMA Business School	Rouen
107	Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace	Toulouse
108	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rennes	Rennes
109	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen	Saint Etienne du Rouvray
110	Institut Catholique de Paris	Paris
111	Arts et Métiers ParisTech	Paris ...
112	Audencia Business School	Nantes
113	École Nationale des Sciences Géographiques	Marne-la-Vallée ...
114	École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort	Maisons-Alfort
115	Toulouse Business School	Toulouse ...
116	Burgundy School of Business	Dijon
117	Université Catholique de Lille	Lille ...
118	IMT Mines Albi	Albi
119	Agrocampus Ouest	Rennes
120	École Supérieure d'Informatique, Electronique, Automatique	Paris
121	École Nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille-Douai	Douai
122	Université de Corse Pascal Paoli	Corte
123	École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen	Caen
124	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Strasbourg	Strasbourg
125	Université Catholique de l'Ouest	Angers
126	Montpellier SupAgro	Montpellier
127	VetAgro Sup	Lyon ...
128	Université Catholique de Lyon	Lyon
129	INSEEC Alpes-Savoie	Le Bourget-du-Lac
130	École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du Bâtiment et de l'Industrie	Paris
131	École d'ingénieurs des Technologies de l'information et de la Communication	Villejuif
132	L'École de design Nantes Atlantique	Nantes ...
133	ENSAE ParisTech	Malakoff
134	Université de Nîmes	Nîmes
135	École Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales d'Angers	Angers ...
136	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Génie Electrique	Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray ...
137	École Normale Supérieure de Rennes	Bruz
138	Institut Supérieur d'Électronique de Paris	Paris
139	École Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications	Cergy-Pontoise
140	École des Mines d'Alès	Alès
141	École Supérieure de Chimie, Physique, Electronique de Lyon	Villeurbanne
142	École Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers	Angers
143	EPF École d'Ingénieurs	Sceaux
144	Institut Supérieur d'Électronique et du Numérique	Lille
145	Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux	Pessac
146	Institut National supérieur des sciences agronomiques, de l'alimentation et de l'environnement	Dijon
147	École Centrale de Marseille	Marseille
148	UniLaSalle	Beauvais ...
149	Montpellier Business School	Montpellier
150	École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat	Vaulx-en-Velin
151	École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechnique	Futuroscope
152	Institut d'Optique Graduate School	Palaiseau ...
153	École de Management de Normandie	Le Havre ...
154	École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'information	Bruz ...
155	Institut National Universitaire Champollion	Albi ...
156	École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse	Toulouse
157	École d'Ingénieurs Généralistes La Rochelle	La Rochelle
158	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes	Rennes
159	École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne	Brest
160	École Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise	Evry
161	SIGMA Clermont	Clermont-Ferrand
162	Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées	Ivry sur Seine ...
163	École Supérieure d'Electronique de l'Ouest	Angers
164	École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest	Plouzané
165	Supméca - Institut Supérieur de Mécanique	Saint-Ouen
166	École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique	Nantes
167	Hautes Études d'Ingénieur	Lille
168	École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Nancy	Nancy
169	ECAM Lyon	Lyon
170	Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture et d'Agroalimentaire Rhone-Alpes	Lyon
171	École Nationale de la Météorologie	Toulouse
172	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Léonard de Vinci	Paris
173	Groupe ISA	Lille
174	IFP School	Rueil-Malmaison
175	École Internationale des Sciences du Traitement de l'Information	Cergy-Pontoise ...
176	École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse	Toulouse ...
177	ICAM - Institut Catholiques d'Arts et Métiers	Lille ...
178	École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles	Roubaix
179	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris	Paris
180	École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne	Saint-Étienne
181	École Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile	Levallois-Perret ...
182	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier	Montpellier
183	Institut Catholique de Toulouse	Toulouse
184	École Nationale Supérieure de Mécaniques et des Microtechniques	Besançon
185	École Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées	Bidart
186	École Supérieure de Commerce de Pau	Pau
187	École des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris	Paris
188	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille	Villeneuve-d'Ascq ...
189	ITECH Institut Textile et Chimique de Lyon	Lyon
190	Esaip École d'Ingénieurs	Angers ...
191	ESME Sudria	Ivry sur Seine
192	École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes	Tarbes
193	ICN Business School	Nancy ...
194	École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine	Gradignan
195	École Supérieure du Bois	Nantes
196	École Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale	Compiègne
197	École des Métiers de l'Environnement	Bruz
198	École d'Ingénieurs de Purpan	Toulouse
200	Brest Business School	Brest ...
201	École Louis de Broglie	Bruz
202	École Supérieure d'Ingenieurs en Informatique et Génie des Télécommunications	Villejuif
203	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Centre Val de Loire	Blois ...
204	3iL École d'ingénieurs	Limoges
205	École Supérieure de Commerce de Saint-Etienne	Saint-Étienne
206	École Supérieure d'Agro-développement International	Cergy-Pontoise
207	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction de Caen	Epron
208	École Supérieure de Fonderie et de Forge	Sèvres
209	EIL Côte d'Opale	Longuenesse
210	ECAM-EPMI	Cergy-Pontoise
211	Institut Supérieur des Matériaux et Mécaniques Avancés du Mans	Le Mans
212	École de Biologie Industrielle	Cergy
213	Campus Adventiste du Salève	Collonges-sous-Saleve
214	École supérieure d'ingénieurs des travaux de la construction de Paris	Cachan
215	Institut Supérieur du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics	Marseille
216	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction de Metz	Metz
Legend: Un Unranked		Add University

#Rank	University	Town
1	Université de Strasbourg	Strasbourg
2	Université de Lorraine	Nancy
3	Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis	Nice
4	Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1	Villeurbanne
5	Université de Bordeaux	Bordeaux ...
6	Université Grenoble Alpes	Saint Martin d'Hères
7	Université de Caen Normandie	Caen
8	Université Lille	Lille
9	Aix-Marseille Université	Marseille
10	Université Paris Sud - Paris 11	Orsay ...
11	Sorbonne Université	Paris ...
12	École Normale Supérieure de Lyon	Lyon
13	Université Paris Descartes	Paris
14	École Normale Supérieure	Paris
15	École Centrale de Lyon	Ecully
16	Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense	Nanterre
17	Université de Nantes	Nantes ...
18	Université de Montpellier	Montpellier
19	Université Lumière Lyon 2	Lyon
20	Université Clermont Auvergne	Clermont-Ferrand ...
21	Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis	St-Denis ...
22	Université de Rennes 1	Rennes ...
23	Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris	Paris ...
24	Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne	Paris
25	Université de Poitiers	Poitiers
26	Université de Bourgogne	Dijon
27	École Polytechnique	Palaiseau
28	Université Paris Diderot	Paris
29	Université François Rabelais	Tours
30	Université Paris Dauphine	Paris
31	MINES ParisTech	Paris
32	Université de Franche-Comté	Besançon
33	Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble	Grenoble ...
34	Université Paris 13	Villetaneuse
35	Université d'Angers	Angers
36	Université de Rouen Normandie	Mont-Saint-Aignan
37	Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier	Toulouse
38	Université de Technologie de Compiègne	Compiègne
39	Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3	Paris
40	Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès	Toulouse
41	Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée	Marne-la-Vallée
42	École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales	Paris
43	Université de Limoges	Limoges
44	Université du Maine	Le Mans
45	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon	Lyon
46	Université de Picardie Jules Verne	Amiens
47	Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour	Pau ...
48	Université Rennes 2	Rennes
49	Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3	Montpellier
50	Université d'Orléans	Orléans
51	CentraleSupélec	Châtenay-Malabry
52	Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne	Créteil
53	Université de Bretagne Occidentale	Brest
54	HEC Paris	Jouy-en-Josas
55	Université de Haute-Alsace	Mulhouse ...
56	Université Savoie Mont Blanc	Chambéry ...
57	Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines	Versailles
58	Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3	Lyon
59	Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne	Saint-Étienne ...
60	Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne	Reims
61	Université de Cergy-Pontoise	Cergy-Pontoise
62	École Supérieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales	Cergy-Pontoise
63	Université Panthéon-Assas Paris II	Paris
64	IMT Atlantique	Brest ...
65	École des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique	Rennes
66	TELECOM ParisTech	Paris ...
67	Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis	Valenciennes ...
68	Université de Perpignan Via Domitia	Perpignan
69	ESCP Europe	Paris ...
70	École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay	Cachan
71	Université Bordeaux Montaigne	Pessac ...
72	Université d'Avignon et des pays de Vaucluse	Avignon
73	École des Ponts ParisTech	Champs sur Marne ...
74	Université de Toulon	La Garde ...
75	Université Toulouse 1 Capitole	Toulouse
76	École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de l'Information et des Bibliothèques	Villeurbanne
77	EDHEC Business School	Roubaix ...
78	Université d'Évry-Val d'Essonne	Evry
79	École Centrale de Nantes	Nantes
80	EMLYON Business School	Lyon
81	Université d'Artois	Arras ...
82	Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale	Dunkerque ...
83	Université de Bretagne Sud	Lorient ...
84	Grenoble École de Management	Grenoble ...
85	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse	Toulouse
86	TELECOM and Management SudParis	Evry
87	École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile	Toulouse
88	Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard	Belfort ...
89	AgroParisTech	Paris ...
90	Université de la Rochelle	La Rochelle
91	The American University of Paris	Paris
92	École pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées	Le Kremlin-Bicêtre ...
93	ESIEE Paris	Noisy-le-Grand
94	Université du Havre	Le Havre
95	ENSTA ParisTech	Paris
96	École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St-Etienne	Saint-Étienne
97	Université de Technologie de Troyes	Troyes
98	ECE Paris École d'Ingénieurs	Paris
99	Centrale Lille	Lille
100	ESPCI ParisTech	Paris
101	Eurecom	Biot Sophia Antipolis
102	École Nationale d'Administration	Strasbourg
103	Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse	Toulouse
104	Kedge Business School	Bordeaux ...
105	SKEMA Business School	Lille ...
106	NEOMA Business School	Rouen
107	Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace	Toulouse
108	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rennes	Rennes
109	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen	Saint Etienne du Rouvray
110	Institut Catholique de Paris	Paris
111	Arts et Métiers ParisTech	Paris ...
112	Audencia Business School	Nantes
113	École Nationale des Sciences Géographiques	Marne-la-Vallée ...
114	École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort	Maisons-Alfort
115	Toulouse Business School	Toulouse ...
116	Burgundy School of Business	Dijon
117	Université Catholique de Lille	Lille ...
118	IMT Mines Albi	Albi
119	Agrocampus Ouest	Rennes
120	École Supérieure d'Informatique, Electronique, Automatique	Paris
121	École Nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille-Douai	Douai
122	Université de Corse Pascal Paoli	Corte
123	École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen	Caen
124	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Strasbourg	Strasbourg
125	Université Catholique de l'Ouest	Angers
126	Montpellier SupAgro	Montpellier
127	VetAgro Sup	Lyon ...
128	Université Catholique de Lyon	Lyon
129	INSEEC Alpes-Savoie	Le Bourget-du-Lac
130	École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du Bâtiment et de l'Industrie	Paris
131	École d'ingénieurs des Technologies de l'information et de la Communication	Villejuif
132	L'École de design Nantes Atlantique	Nantes ...
133	ENSAE ParisTech	Malakoff
134	Université de Nîmes	Nîmes
135	École Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales d'Angers	Angers ...
136	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Génie Electrique	Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray ...
137	École Normale Supérieure de Rennes	Bruz
138	Institut Supérieur d'Électronique de Paris	Paris
139	École Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications	Cergy-Pontoise
140	École des Mines d'Alès	Alès
141	École Supérieure de Chimie, Physique, Electronique de Lyon	Villeurbanne
142	École Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers	Angers
143	EPF École d'Ingénieurs	Sceaux
144	Institut Supérieur d'Électronique et du Numérique	Lille
145	Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux	Pessac
146	Institut National supérieur des sciences agronomiques, de l'alimentation et de l'environnement	Dijon
147	École Centrale de Marseille	Marseille
148	UniLaSalle	Beauvais ...
149	Montpellier Business School	Montpellier
150	École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat	Vaulx-en-Velin
151	École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechnique	Futuroscope
152	Institut d'Optique Graduate School	Palaiseau ...
153	École de Management de Normandie	Le Havre ...
154	École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'information	Bruz ...
155	Institut National Universitaire Champollion	Albi ...
156	École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse	Toulouse
157	École d'Ingénieurs Généralistes La Rochelle	La Rochelle
158	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes	Rennes
159	École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne	Brest
160	École Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise	Evry
161	SIGMA Clermont	Clermont-Ferrand
162	Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées	Ivry sur Seine ...
163	École Supérieure d'Electronique de l'Ouest	Angers
164	École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest	Plouzané
165	Supméca - Institut Supérieur de Mécanique	Saint-Ouen
166	École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique	Nantes
167	Hautes Études d'Ingénieur	Lille
168	École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Nancy	Nancy
169	ECAM Lyon	Lyon
170	Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture et d'Agroalimentaire Rhone-Alpes	Lyon
171	École Nationale de la Météorologie	Toulouse
172	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Léonard de Vinci	Paris
173	Groupe ISA	Lille
174	IFP School	Rueil-Malmaison
175	École Internationale des Sciences du Traitement de l'Information	Cergy-Pontoise ...
176	École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse	Toulouse ...
177	ICAM - Institut Catholiques d'Arts et Métiers	Lille ...
178	École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles	Roubaix
179	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris	Paris
180	École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne	Saint-Étienne
181	École Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile	Levallois-Perret ...
182	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier	Montpellier
183	Institut Catholique de Toulouse	Toulouse
184	École Nationale Supérieure de Mécaniques et des Microtechniques	Besançon
185	École Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées	Bidart
186	École Supérieure de Commerce de Pau	Pau
187	École des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris	Paris
188	École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille	Villeneuve-d'Ascq ...
189	ITECH Institut Textile et Chimique de Lyon	Lyon
190	Esaip École d'Ingénieurs	Angers ...
191	ESME Sudria	Ivry sur Seine
192	École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes	Tarbes
193	ICN Business School	Nancy ...
194	École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine	Gradignan
195	École Supérieure du Bois	Nantes
196	École Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale	Compiègne
197	École des Métiers de l'Environnement	Bruz
198	École d'Ingénieurs de Purpan	Toulouse
200	Brest Business School	Brest ...
201	École Louis de Broglie	Bruz
202	École Supérieure d'Ingenieurs en Informatique et Génie des Télécommunications	Villejuif
203	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Centre Val de Loire	Blois ...
204	3iL École d'ingénieurs	Limoges
205	École Supérieure de Commerce de Saint-Etienne	Saint-Étienne
206	École Supérieure d'Agro-développement International	Cergy-Pontoise
207	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction de Caen	Epron
208	École Supérieure de Fonderie et de Forge	Sèvres
209	EIL Côte d'Opale	Longuenesse
210	ECAM-EPMI	Cergy-Pontoise
211	Institut Supérieur des Matériaux et Mécaniques Avancés du Mans	Le Mans
212	École de Biologie Industrielle	Cergy
213	Campus Adventiste du Salève	Collonges-sous-Saleve
214	École supérieure d'ingénieurs des travaux de la construction de Paris	Cachan
215	Institut Supérieur du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics	Marseille
216	École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction de Metz	Metz
Legend: Un Unranked		Add University

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2018 독일 대학 순위 - 2018 German University Ranking  

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2018 대학 순위 - 2018.09.12

#2018 독일 대학 순위  #2018 German University Ranking 
2018 대학 순위
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